Matčinství: Čelíme výzvám 3. tisíciletí s matrilokálními rodinami
Rodinný ústav je v neporádku
V soucasné dobe je rodina, jak je známá v našich západních zemích, založena na jaderném modelu. Jedná se o minimální rodinnou formu se zamerením na otce a matku a také na jejich vícecetné deti. Tento model, jehož manželství je právním zastoupením, je nyní v neporádku. Daniel Dagenais tuto skutecnost ve své knize " La fin de la famille moderne " (Konec moderní rodiny) výmluvne prokázal1 . In "La famille à l'horizon 2020" (The Family by 2020), Marie Pratte suggests the path of a legal union between a brother and a sister, or between a child and a sick parent as an alternative to marriage 2 . Although this opens the door to matrilocal family organization, why limit the scope to two individuals?
The current setbacks of our families are numerous. Suffice it to raise its disastrous results on two of its most important social responsibilities:
- Population renewal;
- Fulfill children’s primary need for a stable and safe environment from birth to adulthood.
Population renewal
In terms of population renewal, today's modern family performance remains below the minimum threshold since the 1980s for the vast majority, and since 2000 for almost all developed countries 3 . That is serious because, to compensate, our governments undertook very poorly planned immigration policies. A society incapable of self-renewal is seriously ill. And in a sick society, welcoming and integrating immigrants can only be problematic4 .
There is indeed a growing immigration panic wave building up in Western countries5 . The link between this panic and the fertility decrease does not receive enough public attention6 . But the use of immigration as a tool to compensate for denatality is undisputable7 . In matriarchies, the extensive and stable matrilocal family networks will make migration less necessary. But most importantly, they will be in a much better position to carefully integrate migrants.
A stable and safe environment for children, from birth to adulthood
We already know that fewer young children's parents enter marriage. But the risk estimate of experiencing separation from their parents is 3 to 4 times higher for children of common-law relationship’s parents8 . A growing number of our families today, if not the majority, are unable to provide a stable and safe environment for our children. Including too many even just for the infancy period. It's just unacceptable and dramatic. The distress experienced by families struggling with parents' separation is immense. The impact on children who find themselves amid these tragedies is significant9 . There is no reason for this situation to continue.
What about women and children being safe at home?
Another critical failure of the nuclear family model is the fact that the most dangerous place for women is their own home. That is the terrible conclusion of a United Nations' study10 . According to the study, however, women's risk may vary considerably geographically. But even in a country like Canada, recent rises in reported domestic violence are alarming. Especially since children are too often implicated11 .
There are no new family models
Many evoke new contemporary models of the family that are emerging. That is an exciting interpretation that omits a fundamental detail. Almost all families embark on this adventure by settling first according to the nuclear model. The improvised solutions to which families later adhere reflect only the confusion and chaos in which they end up after separation.
These are dismantled families
So there is still practically only one model of the family in Western countries: the nuclear family. There is no other model for families settling down. There are only new models for families that are falling apart.
There are only two viable family models: by the father or by the mother
In human history, even though there are several variants, there is practically only one other viable family model. It is the matrilocal family. This model of the family is practiced, for example, by the Mosuo of China for 2000 years.In their land, it is this model that guarantees family stability, and that also ensures the high quality of relations between men and women. That is the message that IISD sent us by choosing Mosuo as a model community12 .
Sexuality and family do not belong together
What the Mosuo tell us is that sex and family do not go along. Our young families' high instability is eloquent proof of this statement. The experience of the Mosuo shows that sexual relations should not belong to the family domain. That is a radical change from the Western world's traditional nuclear model. But it is a model with proven viability, which is synonymous with harmonious and equitable relationships between women and men.
The child's father and mother can continue to hang out without living together
The matrilocal family model highlights children's uncles as paternal figures. That does not mean that the relationship between the child's mother and its biological father is automatically short-lived, although that happens quite often. The relationship between the lovers may continue in harmony, which is also quite usual after childbirth. The father would then visit his partner regularly (practically every night in fact), possibly also maintaining a meaningful relationship with the child. Many couples are still unable to only be in each other's presence because of the separation's deep wounds. Imagine that they would have managed to maintain a good relationship, had their families been matrilocal.
An enlarged vertical family
On the other hand, unlike the nuclear model, the matrilocal family is rather vertical and enlarged, with a focus on the maternal line of several generations living in the same place. It is a model that is well suited to help us face the social, economic, and environmental challenges that our community will face in the coming decades.
Protecting ourselves from crises by sharing our family resources
Allowing several adults to live in the same place, the matrilocal family favors the assets sharing among family members. It will enable them to maintain or even improve their standard of living, despite the severe economic difficulties that may occur at any time.
Continue to operate family farms
By concentrating the resources and skills of their many members, the new matrilocal families will quickly attain a high degree of autonomy. We can anticipate that many of them will be able to maintain farm operations. Agriculture is experiencing tough times in Western countries. That is a significant heritage of our ancestors. Farms in our countries will undoubtedly be able to count on the support of several large matrilocal families.
Help for seniors and early childhood
Then, as several generations will live in the same place, it will be possible to catalyze family resources for helping seniors and early childhood. As matrilocal families become established, we can expect that the public system will benefit from increased collaboration with the beneficiaries' family circle. That will result in gradual care requirements reduction and thus reduce state burden
Share, restore and repair to slow growth
Finally, at the ecological level, the establishment of large matrilocal families will encourage a slowdown in consumption growth. Members of these families living in the same place will spontaneously share, restore, and repair several goods. Ultimately, this will make a significant contribution to our environment cleansing. The growth and spread of the population will slow down. Instead, the size of each family will fluctuate over time.
The construction industry will be able to adapt
For example, the construction industry will gradually adapt to this sustainable model. First, growth can continue for a while with the creation of new architectural complexes that are better able to meet the needs of matriages. And of course, by transforming existing single-family residences, first by subdividing them into smaller individual units with direct access to the outdoors, and then connecting them with larger community spaces.
Improve the functioning of our society instead of spreading it
Over time, we will live in a set of well-established families, within a network of stable and well-identified entities. We will then be able to focus our talents and resources to improve the functioning and collaboration of this stable network. Imagine only the whole socio-economic effort that we currently engulf in the growth and spread of the population, made necessary by the constant creation of new nuclear families. And now also in single-parent households after their breakup. Instead, we will now invest all of these resources to perfect the way we organize and serve ourselves collectively.
But then, what are the nuclear family's benefits?
So there is indeed another family model that seems to be able to respond much better to the majority of Western family members' needs. And even to secure the long-term future of our society. One then wonders: what are the "benefits" of the nuclear family model compared to the matrilocal family for Western families? For the moment, we have only identified three:
This family type is simpler to move
- In the event of a cataclysm, it can be an advantage;
- However, is this characteristic a benefit if we oppose it to the much higher autonomy degree of the matrilocal family.
- To meet a new job requirement:
- In a matrilocal family, it is usually relatively easy for one of its members to settle away for a few years;
- In any case, life jobs are practically non-existent in our contemporary societies.
- These job requirements are somewhat more often a cause of nuclear families dismantling when both spouses have geographically distant employment opportunities.
The biological father has rights over the children
- The matrilocal family does not offer any paternity rights:
- It does not mean that fathers cannot see their children, on the contrary.
- If desired on both sides, the contribution of fathers will always be welcome:
- Fathers can see it as an opportunity or a privilege, which must be seized and deserved.
There is a constant creation of new families which generates more consumption needs
- It was a gold mine at the time of uninterrupted growth economy;
- Today it is a real curse in this era requiring a sustainability economy.
References
Original quote: « C'est peu dire que la famille soit en crise. Le chamboulement de l'institution a jeté ses membres dans un profond désarroi qui nourrit une pathologie familiale dont les symptômes commencent seulement à poindre : violence conjugale, violence parentale, suicide, décrochage scolaire, abandon parental pur et simple, rajeunissement de la délinquance et du crime, etc. » (p. 198)
Daniel Dagenais, La fin de la famille moderne
Les Presses de l'Université Laval, 2000
« Comme le suggérait en 2001, la Commission du droit, ce modèle pourrait aller au-delà de la conjugalité. [...] On peut songer au frère et à la sœur qui habitent ensemble ou à l'enfant majeur qui réside avec un parent malade. » (p. 416)
Marie Pratte, La situation juridique de la famille de 2020%%%Gilles Pronovost, Chantale Dumont, Isabelle Bitaudeau, La famille à l'horizon 2020%%%Presses de l'université du Québec, 2008, ISBN 978-2-7605-1553-6
C.K., America’s fertility rate continues its deep decline
The Economist, October 31st, 2018 (visited February 3rd, 2020)
See also Total fertility rate, European and developed countries (visited February 3rd, 2020)
Institut National d’Etudes Démographiques
Original quote: « Bref, faits et projections démographiques sont bien réels, plutôt qu’imaginaires, et importants, plutôt que triviaux. Ils susciteraient normalement de l’inquiétude au sein de tous groupes humains. »
Michel Paillé, L’immigration au Québec dans un contexte de sous-fécondité chronique (visited June 26th, 2018)
Bulletin d'histoire politique, volume 18, numéro 2 (hiver 2010)
Suketu Mehta, Immigration panic: how the west fell for manufactured rage
The Guardian, August 27th, 2019 (visited February 3rd, 2020)
William Reville, Let’s talk about the link between immigration and low reproduction rates
, The Irish Times, January 19th, 2017 (visited February 16th, 2020)
Andre Tartar, Hannah Recht, and Yue Qiu, The Global Fertility Crash
Bloomberg Businessweek, October 31st, 2019 (visited February 3rd, 2020)
Original quote: « Au Québec, en 2010, on observe un taux de 45 % de couples divorcés parmi les couples mariés du sexe opposé, soit presque une rupture conjugale pour deux couples mariés. … Les couples en cohabitation sont plus fragiles que les couples mariés, de sorte que les enfants issus de ces familles sont trois à quatre fois plus susceptibles de voir leurs parents rompre leur union (Joyal, et.al, 2002). Plus précisément, la probabilité de se séparer serait deux fois plus élevée chez les femmes en union libre que chez les femmes mariées (Statistique Canada, 2006). » (p. 6)
Francine Cyr, Prévalence de la garde partagée chez les familles québécoises ayant un enfant né en 1997-1998 (visited June 28th, 2018)
Originale quote: «... les enfants dont les parents sont séparés ou divorcés sont plus susceptibles que les enfants dont les parents vivent ensembles d’éprouver certains problèmes de santé physique, de souffrir de dépression, d’anxiété et d’autres désordres psychoaffectifs, de présenter divers problèmes de comportement extériorisés, de réussir moins bien à l’école et de poursuivre des études moins longtemps ainsi que de connaître davantage de difficultés relationnelles. » (p. 1)
Hélène Desrosiers, Jean-François Cardin et Luc Belleau, L’impact de la séparation des parents sur la santé mentale des jeunes enfants (visited June 28th, 2018)
U.S. News & World Report, November 27th, 2018 (visited February 15, 2020)
Anne Kingston, We are the dead
Maclean’s, September 17th, 2019 (visited February 15, 2020)
We the Peoples : 50 Communities Awards